How does an anti-lock braking system (ABS) function?

An anti-lock braking system (ABS) functions primarily by preventing wheel lock-up during hard braking. This system utilizes sensors to monitor the speed of each wheel and modulates brake pressure accordingly. When the system detects that a wheel is about to lock up—meaning it is about to stop turning while the vehicle is still moving—the ABS reduces the brake pressure to that wheel. This allows the wheel to continue turning, maintaining traction with the road surface, which is critical for effective steering and control, especially in emergency braking situations.

The ability to prevent wheel lock-up ensures that drivers can maintain directional control as they apply the brakes, which is especially important in slippery conditions. As a result, ABS significantly reduces the chances of skidding and helps to shorten stopping distances on certain surfaces.

The other options, while related to braking systems, do not accurately reflect the primary function of ABS. The system does not simply increase brake fluid pressure or completely stop the vehicle; rather, its purpose is to modulate braking to enhance control. Enhancing brake pedal feel may describe some benefits of braking systems but does not encapsulate the core functionality of ABS in preventing wheel lock-up.